Amfani da Wutar Lantarki Mai Yawa: Hakar Bitcoin a matsayin Dabarar Ƙasa a Koriya ta Kudu - Bincike

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan binciken yana nazarin wata sabuwar dabarar ga kamfanin gwamnati na Koriya ta Kudu, Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), wanda ke fama da bashin rikodin KRW tiriliyan 205.18 (kimanin dala biliyan 150). Babban shawara ita ce a yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa—musamman daga hasken rana na gida a ƙarƙashin tsarin ma'aunin net—don hakar Bitcoin na masana'antu. Dalilin shine a canza wutar da za a yi asarar zuwa hanyar samun kudaden shiga kai tsaye, don haka inganta kwanciyar hankalin kuɗi na KEPCO da ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun wutar lantarki.

An sanya binciken a matsayin farkon bincike na zahiri a Koriya ta Kudu don haɗa wutar lantarki mai yawa da hakar kuɗin sirri, ta amfani da ingantattun tsare-tsaren hasashe don tantance riba na dogon lokaci.

2. Hanyar Bincike & Tsarin Fasaha

2.1. Wutar Lantarki Mai Yawa & Ma'aunin Net

An ayyana wutar lantarki mai yawa a matsayin sauran wutar da tsarin hasken rana na gida ya samar bayan an yi amfani da ƙimar ma'aunin net. Ma'aunin net yana ba masu amfani damar rage amfanin su, amma yawan samarwa sau da yawa ba a samun kuɗi dashi. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa wannan sauran, maimakon a rage shi ko a yi watsi da shi, za a iya karkatar da shi zuwa wani wurin hakar Bitcoin na musamman.

2.2. Tsarin Ribar Hakar Bitcoin

Ribar hakar ma'adinai aiki ne na masu canji da yawa: farashin wutar lantarki (ba komai ga sauran), farashin Bitcoin, ƙimar hash na cibiyar sadarwa, da ingancin kayan aiki. Binciken yana amfani da Antminer S21 XP Hyd, ɗaya daga cikin mafi ingancin masu hakar ma'adinai, don ƙirar samar da Bitcoin na yau da kullun. Za a iya sauƙaƙa babban lissafin riba kamar haka:

Ribar Yau da Kullun ≈ (Bitcoin da aka Haka * Farashin Bitcoin) - (Farashin Aiki)

Inda aka rage farashin aiki saboda amfani da sauran wutar lantarki.

2.3. Tsare-tsaren Hasashen Farashin

Don hasashen kudaden shiga, binciken yana amfani da tsare-tsaren koyon injina guda biyu:

• Random Forest Regressor: Hanyar koyon haɗin gwiwa don koma baya wanda ke aiki ta hanyar gina yanke shawara da yawa.
• Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM): Wani nau'in cibiyar sadarwar jijiyoyi mai maimaitawa (RNN) wanda ya kware wajen koyon dogon lokaci a cikin bayanan lokaci-lokaci, kamar tarihin farashin Bitcoin.

Ana horar da waɗannan tsare-tsaren akan bayanan farashin Bitcoin na tarihi don samar da hanyoyin farashi na gaba, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga binciken riba na shekaru da yawa.

3. Sakamako & Binciken Tattalin Arziki

3.1. Yanayin Ribar

Binciken yana gudanar da simintin gyare-gyare don ma'auni biyu na turawa: na'urori Antminer 30,565 da 45,439. Ta hanyar haɗa hasashen farashin Bitcoin da daidaitawar wahalar cibiyar sadarwa, binciken ya kammala cewa hakar ma'adinai tare da sauran wutar lantarki yana da riba sosai. Kudaden shiga da aka samar suna magance wani ɓangare na asarar aiki na KEPCO da farashin biyan bashi kai tsaye.

Bayanin Jadawali (A fakaice): Jadawali mai layi zai iya nuna jimillar kudaden shiga (a cikin KRW) akan lokaci don duka girman rundunar hakar ma'adinai, yana tashi sosai tare da kasuwannin bijimin Bitcoin kuma yana daidaitawa yayin kasuwannin beyar, amma yana ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau saboda ƙarancin farashin wutar lantarki.

3.2. Tasiri akan Bashin KEPCO

Binciken ya yi iƙirarin cewa aikin hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da sabon hanyar samun kudaden shiga mai zaman kanta. Za a iya amfani da wannan kudaden shiga don: 1) rage buƙatar KEPCO na taimakon gwamnati ko fitar da bashi, 2) daidaita farashin wutar lantarki ga masu amfani ta hanyar ɗaukar wasu farashin cibiyar sadarwa, da 3) rage ƙarancin tattalin arziƙin wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa da ba a yi amfani da ita.

4. Bincike Mai Zurfi & Ra'ayin Kwararru

Babban Fahimta: Wannan takarda ba game da hakar kuɗin sirri kawai ba ce; ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙirƙira ce ga ɓataccen tsarin kamfanin gwamnati (SOE). Tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kadara ta dijital mai sauyi don samun kuɗi daga wani kadara ta zahiri da ba ta da amfani (wutar lantarki mai yawa), yana ƙoƙarin ketare rikicin siyasa akan farashin wutar lantarki. Ainihin jigon shi ne cewa daidaita nauyin lodi na tushen blockchain zai iya zama mafi dacewa fiye da gyara siyasar makamashi ta Koriya.

Tsarin Hankali: Hujjar tana da ban sha'awa a takarda: gano ɓarna (sauran hasken rana), yi amfani da tsarin buƙatar wutar lantarki mai yawa (hakar ma'adinai) tare da fitarwa mai ruwa (Bitcoin), da ƙirƙirar kudaden shiga. Amfani da LSTM don hasashen farashi yana ƙara ƙarfin ilimi. Duk da haka, kwararar tana dogara sosai akan haɓakar farashin Bitcoin na dogon lokaci, yana ɗaukar shi a matsayin kadara mai garantin fiye da na hasashe—babban aibi.

Ƙarfi & Aibobi: Ƙarfin yana cikin ingantaccen tsari, yin amfani da ainihin bayanan kayan aiki da tsare-tsaren ML, ya wuce tattaunawar ka'ida. Ya gano daidai ainihin matsala (bashin SOE) da ainihin albarkatu (rage wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa). Babban aibin shi ne yadda yake kula da haɗarin tsarin. Ya yi watsi da takunkumin gwamnati (kamfarar gwamnati akan hakar ma'adinai, kamar yadda aka gani a China), mummunan labarin muhalli na haɗa "kore" hasken rana da "datti" kuɗin sirri, da kuma matuƙar sauyin hanyar samun kudaden shiga. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, farashin Bitcoin yana da tasiri daga abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa da kuɗi na al'ada, yana mai da kasafin kuɗi na jiha na dogon lokaci dangane da shi mai haɗari.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga KEPCO, wannan ya kamata ya fara a matsayin ƙaramin gwaji, ba dabarar ƙasa ba. Yi haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin hakar ma'adinai mai zaman kansa don ɗaukar haɗarin aiki da kasuwa. Yi amfani da gwajin don haɓaka iyawar daidaita cibiyar sadarwa na ainihin lokaci—wannan shine ainihin ɓoyayyen gem. Fasahar yin amfani da nauyin lissafi mai sassauƙa (kamar hakar ma'adinai) don kwanciyar hankalin cibiyar sadarwa ana ƙirƙira ta ta hanyar ayyuka kamar Energy Web. Manufar bai kamata ta zama asusun kariya na kuɗin sirri ba, amma ya zama mai sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa mai wayo, mafi sassauƙa wanda zai iya samun kuɗi daga sassauƙa. Tsarin takardar shine kyakkyawan hanyar farko na kasuwanci, amma ƙarshen dabarar dole ne ya zama daidaita cibiyar sadarwa ta dijital da juriya.

5. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Tsare-tsaren Lissafi

Ginshiƙin lissafin riba ya dogara da ƙarfin hash da ingancin wutar lantarki na kayan aikin hakar. Antminer S21 XP Hyd yana da ƙimar hash kusan 335 TH/s da ingancin wutar lantarki na 16 J/TH.

Za a iya kiyasin samar da Bitcoin na yau da kullun ga mai hakar ma'adinai ɗaya ta hanyar:

$\text{Daily BTC} \approx \frac{\text{Ƙimar Hash ɗinku}}{\text{Ƙimar Hash na Cibiyar Sadarwa}} \times \text{Ladan Block na BTC} \times 144$

Inda 144 shine kusan adadin tubalan da aka haka kowace rana. Binciken ya tattara wannan a cikin dubunnan raka'a. Tsarin LSTM don hasashen farashi yawanci yana amfani da jerin farashin da suka gabata $[P_{t-n}, ..., P_{t-1}]$ don hasashen farashin gaba $\hat{P}_t$, an horar da shi don rage aikin kuskure kamar Ma'anar Kuskuren Square (MSE):

$\text{MSE} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (P_i - \hat{P}_i)^2$

6. Tsarin Bincike & Misalin Lamari

Tsari: Tsarin Samun Kuɗi na Kuɗin Sirri na Jama'a (PUCM)

1. Gano Albarkatu: Bincika cibiyar sadarwa don wutar lantarki da ba ta da amfani ko mai yawa (misali, iskar dare, rage hasken rana).
2. Yiwuwar Fasaha: Ƙirƙiri turawa mai iya aiki na kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai a wurin tashar wutar lantarki ko wuraren samarwa.
3. Ƙirar Kuɗi: Gudanar da simintin gyare-gyare na Monte Carlo wanda ya haɗa da sauyin kuɗin sirri, raguwar darajar kayan aiki, da hasashen wahalar cibiyar sadarwa.
4. Kima na Haɗari & Gudanarwa: Kimanta haɗarin doka, suna, da kasuwa. Ƙirƙiri tsarin gudanarwa (ana ba da shawarar haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu).
5. Ƙirar Gwaji: Aiwatar da ƙaramin gwaji, mai iyakacin lokaci tare da bayyanannun Ma'auni (Kudaden Shiga, Ma'auni na Kwanciyar Hankalin Cibiyar Sadarwa).

Misalin Lamari - Gwajin Tsibirin Jeju: Binciken ya ambaci aikin KEPCO da ke akwai akan Jeju. Wani lamari na hankali zai haɗa da sanya gonar hasken rana ta Jeju da na'urar hakar ma'adinai a cikin akwati (misali, Antminers 100). Na'urar tana aiki ne kawai lokacin da buƙatar cibiyar sadarwa ta yi ƙasa kuma fitarwar hasken rana ta yi yawa. Kudaden shiga a cikin BTC ana canza su zuwa KRW kowane wata kuma ana bayar da rahoto a matsayin layin shiga na daban, yana ba da tabbacin ainihin duniya ga tsarin.

7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyin Bincike

• Bayyan Bitcoin: Yin amfani da tsarin zuwa wasu hanyoyin lissafi masu amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa, masu katsewa kamar horar da AI, ninka furotin (@Folding@home), ko tsara samar da hydrogen kore.
• Cibiyar Sadarwa-a-matsayin-Sabisi (GaaS): Haɓaka dandamali inda kowane nauyin cibiyar bayanai mai sassauƙa zai iya yin tayin don cinye sauran wutar lantarki, ƙirƙirar kasuwar makamashi mai ƙarfi.
• Haɗin Kuɗin Carbon: Haɗa amfani da ingantaccen sauran wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa zuwa samar da kuɗin carbon na dijital ko takaddun shaida na "green BTC", haɓaka sha'awar ESG.
• Haɓaka Hasashe: Haɗa tsare-tsaren hasashen yanayi don hasken rana/iska tare da tsare-tsaren kasuwar kuɗin sirri don inganta sauyawa tsakanin sayar da wutar lantarki ga cibiyar sadarwa da amfani da ita don hakar ma'adinai.
• Binciken Manufa: Cikakken bincike na canje-canjen doka da ake buƙata don ba da damar sabis na jama'a ya riƙe kuma ya yi ciniki da kadarorin dijital akan lissafin kuɗinsa.

8. Nassoshi

1. KEPCO. (2024). Rahoton Kuɗi na Shekara. Korea Electric Power Corporation.
2. Takaddun Aikin KEPCO Jeju. (2023). Taƙaitaccen Bayanin Aiki na Ciki.
3. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
4. Farell, R. (2022). Zinariya ta Dijital da Dabarar Jiha. Journal of Cybersecurity and Financial Markets, 5(2), 45-67.
5. Ma'aikatar Baitulmali ta Amurka. (2024). Rahoti akan La'akarin Kadarorin Dijital.
6. Bankin Duniya. (2023). Rikodin Kuɗin Sirri na Sarakuna: Bincike.
7. Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Bhutan. (2024). Dabarar Kadarorin Dijital ta Ƙasa.
8. Ofishin Bitcoin na El Salvador. (2024). Rahotin Bayyana Gaskiya.
9. Goodfellow, I., et al. (2014). Nets na Adversarial na Generative. Ci gaba a cikin Tsarin Bayanai na Jijiyoyi.
10. Gidauniyar Energy Web. (2023). Takarda Fari: Rashin Ƙarfi na Rarrabuwa don Cibiyar Sadarwa.
11. Biais, B., et al. (2023). Daidaitawar Farashin Bitcoin. The Journal of Finance.